BenchCalcs

Data licensing

Sources you can inspect.

This inventory covers the primary, licensing-sensitive, regulatory, and technical references behind BenchCalcs. Each calculator also shows its formula, assumptions, verification date, and calculator-specific methodology. Where math is the only content used and is not copyrightable under Baker v. Selden, we say so explicitly.

  1. 01

    ADA 2010 Standards for Accessible Design

    Used by
    ADA Ramp Slope Calculator
    Publisher
    US Department of Justice / US Access Board
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs cites the federal standard and implements its numeric requirements; source text and page design are not reproduced.
    Source URL
    https://www.ada.gov/law-and-regs/design-standards/2010-stds/
    Attribution string
    "ADA 2010 Standards for Accessible Design (US Access Board, public domain)."
    Date accessed
    2026-05-20

  2. 02

    ACI 318 Development Length & Splice Formulas (math only)

    Used by
    Rebar Lap Splice Calculator
    Publisher
    American Concrete Institute
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs implements mathematical formulas only and does not reproduce ACI table layouts or paid standard text.
    Source URL
    https://www.concrete.org/topicsinconcrete/318buildingcodeportal.aspx
    Attribution string
    "ACI 318 §25.4.2 + §25.5.2 simplified development length and lap splice formulas (mathematical content, not table layout)."
    Date accessed
    2026-08-23

  3. 03

    IECC Climate Zone Map + DOE per-square-foot loads

    Used by
    Room BTU Load Calculator
    Publisher
    US Department of Energy, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs cites the source and uses factual climate-zone and load inputs; source graphics and publications are not redistributed.
    Source URL
    https://basc.pnnl.gov/images/iecc-climate-zone-map
    Attribution string
    "IECC Climate Zone Map and DOE Building America load references from PNNL. Method derived from an ACCA Manual J shortcut procedure."
    Date accessed
    2026-05-21

  4. 04

    Industry-standard waste percentages by pattern

    Used by
    Tile Waste & Pattern Calculator
    Publisher
    Compiled from public installer guidance (multiple sources)
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs summarizes public rules of thumb; no proprietary tables are reproduced and TCNA Handbook method codes are not referenced.
    Source URL
    https://www.tcnatile.com/about-tcna
    Attribution string
    "Waste percentages compiled from public installer guidance; verify against your tile vendor's recommended overage."
    Date accessed
    2026-05-21

  5. 05

    USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map + extension publications

    Used by
    Beekeeping Hive Expansion Calculator
    Publisher
    USDA Agricultural Research Service + state extension services (UF/IFAS, NCSU, OSU, UMaine)
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs cites the USDA map and summarizes factual guidance from identified extension publications; their pages and assets are not reproduced.
    Source URL
    https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/
    Attribution string
    "Decision logic synthesized from US beekeeping extension publications — UF/IFAS, NCSU, OSU, UMaine extension."
    Date accessed
    2026-05-21

  6. 06

    Process-level consumable purchase factors and welding-loss method

    Used by
    Welding Rod Consumption Calculator
    Publisher
    TWI
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs cites factual process factors from the linked technical guidance without reproducing its article or tables.
    Source URL
    https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/job-knowledge/welding-costs-096
    Attribution string
    "TWI process purchase factors: 1.50 for SMAW and 1.05 for GMAW under good shop discipline. Product-specific rod count remains an explicitly approximate cross-check."
    Date accessed
    2026-07-26

  7. 07

    Solid-steel GMAW deposition-rate equation and electrode-efficiency examples

    Used by
    MIG Weld Deposition Rate Calculator
    Publisher
    Lincoln Electric + TWI
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs implements the published solid-wire equation and cites factual efficiency examples as editable planning references; it does not reproduce procedure tables or recommend welding settings.
    Source URL
    https://ch-delivery.lincolnelectric.com/api/public/content/3966f03d7d874608a20d73baf0795626?v=f6ebcd4e
    Attribution string
    "Lincoln Electric solid-steel GMAW rate equation and electrode-efficiency definition; purchase-loss and timed weight-test context from TWI Welding Costs."
    Date accessed
    2026-07-31

  8. 08

    Joint-volume, solid-steel GMAW deposition, operator-factor, labor, gas, and package-cost method

    Used by
    MIG Welding Job Cost Estimator
    Publisher
    Lincoln Electric + TWI
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs composes cited factual equations and estimating categories without reproducing source tables, recommending procedure settings, or presenting the direct-cost result as a customer quote.
    Source URL
    https://ch-delivery.lincolnelectric.com/api/public/content/3966f03d7d874608a20d73baf0795626?v=f6ebcd4e
    Attribution string
    "Lincoln Electric solid-wire deposition equation and efficiency definition; deposited-metal-first cost structure, manual GMAW operator-factor context, and timed measurement guidance from TWI Welding Costs."
    Date accessed
    2026-08-09

  9. 09

    Arc energy equation, terminology, and example process efficiencies

    Used by
    Welding Heat Input Calculator
    Publisher
    TWI + Lincoln Electric
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs cites equations and factual process values without reproducing proprietary code tables or source documents.
    Source URL
    https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/faq-what-is-the-difference-between-heat-input-and-arc-energy
    Attribution string
    "Traditional steady-state arc-energy equation and example process-efficiency factors from TWI; waveform-controlled calculation limitations cross-checked with Lincoln Electric."
    Date accessed
    2026-07-26

  10. 10

    Example shielding-gas flow ranges and gas-coverage guidance

    Used by
    Shielding Gas Cylinder Duration Calculator
    Publisher
    Miller Electric + TWI
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs cites factual example ranges and cautions; the equipment manuals and technical articles are not reproduced.
    Source URL
    https://www.millerwelds.com/en-us/resources/knowledge-hub/tig-welding/how-to/common-tig-weld-problems
    Attribution string
    "Example shielding-gas flow ranges and shielding cautions from Miller Electric; operator-factor definition from TWI."
    Date accessed
    2026-07-26

  11. 11

    Welding operator-factor definition and typical manual-process ranges

    Used by
    Welding Time & Labor Cost Calculator
    Publisher
    TWI
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs cites factual planning ranges as references rather than code requirements; the source article is not reproduced.
    Source URL
    https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/job-knowledge/welding-costs-096
    Attribution string
    "Operator-factor method and typical process ranges from TWI Welding Costs; shop prices and rates remain user inputs."
    Date accessed
    2026-07-26

  12. 12

    Salt mix and additive manufacturer specifications

    Used by
    Reef Tank Dosing Calculator
    Publisher
    Bulk Reef Supply + Red Sea + Tropic Marin + Aquaforest
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs cites selected factual manufacturer specifications; datasheets, product copy, and brand assets are not reproduced.
    Source URL
    https://www.bulkreefsupply.com/content/post/brs-total-package-mixing-instructions
    Attribution string
    "Brand specifications from Bulk Reef Supply, Red Sea, Tropic Marin, and Aquaforest public datasheets."
    Date accessed
    2026-08-23

  13. 13

    National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB), summarized by metro

    Used by
    Solar Panel Tilt Angle Calculator
    Publisher
    National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR; formerly NREL)
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs uses summarized NSRDB outputs under NLR's current Data and Software terms, credits DOE/NLR/Alliance, and does not imply endorsement.
    Source URL
    https://nsrdb.nlr.gov/
    Terms URL
    https://www.nlr.gov/disclaimer
    Attribution string
    "Monthly irradiance from the DOE/NLR/Alliance National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB), summarized by metro. Tilt and azimuth formulas from Sandia PV Performance Modeling Collaborative. DOE/NLR/Alliance do not endorse BenchCalcs or its results."
    Date accessed
    2026-08-23

  14. 14

    PVWatts V8 model documentation

    Used by
    Solar Panel Tilt Angle + Solar Panel Cost Calculators
    Publisher
    National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR; formerly NREL)
    Use in BenchCalcs
    BenchCalcs cites PVWatts as the address-level validation tool and uses its current documentation to distinguish this site's simplified assumptions from PVWatts inputs. BenchCalcs does not call the API or present its own output as PVWatts output.
    Source URL
    https://developer.nlr.gov/docs/solar/pvwatts/v8/
    Attribution string
    "PVWatts V8 documentation from the National Laboratory of the Rockies."
    Date accessed
    2026-08-23

  15. 15

    Per-class maintenance/repair/tires cost-per-mile, age/reliability/region multipliers

    Used by
    Vehicle Maintenance Cost Calculator
    Publisher
    AAA + RepairPal/CarMD + Edmunds/KBB + Consumer Reports
    Use in BenchCalcs
    Published averages are used as factual reference points; no proprietary table layouts are reproduced. The calculator derives its own cost-per-mile model across cited sources.
    Source URL
    https://newsroom.aaa.com/auto/your-driving-costs/
    Attribution string
    "Per-class cost-per-mile triangulated from AAA 'Your Driving Costs' 2024 (maintenance/repair/tires cents per mile), RepairPal/CarMD average annual repair cost by make, Edmunds True Cost to Own / KBB 5-Year Cost to Own, and Consumer Reports 10-year reliability data (2024-2026). National averages, current dollars."
    Date accessed
    2026-06-24

Why this page exists

  1. Usage compliance and transparent credit. Terms vary by source. BenchCalcs records how each reference is used, links applicable terms, and credits publishers without implying their endorsement.
  2. Reader transparency. A calculator is only as trustworthy as its inputs. This directory exposes the primary and licensing-sensitive references centrally; calculator pages provide the formula, assumptions, limits, and model-review date.

Review and freshness

Version-controlled model-review dates show the oldest relied-on dependency through which the complete calculation was reviewed. Separately, meaningful code, input, or editorial changes set the calculator's dateModified in structured data and its sitemap lastmod. The build fails if either record is missing, inconsistent, or makes a title-year claim newer than the model review. Source and editorial refreshes update the relevant record and tests in the same reviewed change.

Errata

If a published value here is wrong, or a source URL has moved, email [email protected] and we'll fix it within a week.